CISUC

Computing Aesthetics

Authors

Abstract

Aesthetic judgment is one of the most valued human characteristics, being regarded as a remarkable display of intelligence. Popular knowledge tells us that it is purely cultural. In this paper, we present a brief theory according to which aesthetics depends on biological and cultural issues, namely on visual image processing. We present an implementation of this theory and the experimental results achieved. The tests were made with two purposes in mind, validating the theory and using it as a basis for the automatic generation and evaluation of images.

Keywords

Evolutionary Art, Creativity, Aesthetics

Subject

Creativity

Related Project

NEvAr - Neuro Evolutionary Art

Conference

XIVth Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence SBIA\'98, November 1998

PDF File


Cited by

Year 2015 : 10 citations

 Evolving symmetric and balanced art
E den Heijer - Computational Intelligence, 2015 - Springer

 Experimental Study of Aesthetic Evaluation to Multi-color Stimuli Using Semantic Differential Method
S FANG, K MURAMATSU, T MATSUI - ??????????, 2015 - jlc.jst.go.jp

 A Quantitative Approach for Detecting Symmetries and Complexity in 2D Plane
MAJ Javid, R Zimmer, A Ursyn, MM al-Rifaie - Theory and Practice of …, 2015 - Springer

 Synthesized computational aesthetic evaluation of Photos
W Wang, D Cai, L Wang, Q Huang, X Xu, X Li - Neurocomputing, 2015 - Elsevier

 Computational Aesthetics of Photos Quality Assessment and Classification Based on Artificial Neural Network with Deep Learning Methods
Y Zhou, G Li, Y Tan - network, 2015 - sersc.org

 Computing the color complexity of images
B Zhou, S Xu, X Yang - Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge …, 2015 - ieeexplore.ieee.org

 COMPUTATIONAL AESTHETICS USING MACHINE LEARNING FOR VIDEO GAME CAMERA DIRECTION
AL?N ERDEM - 2015 - etd.lib.metu.edu.tr

 Information gain measure for structural discrimination of cellular automata configurations
MAJ Javid, T Blackwell, R Zimmer… - Computer Science and …, 2015 - ieeexplore.ieee.org

 Learning personalized exploration in evolutionary design using aesthetic descriptors
Y Li, C Hu - International Journal on Interactive Design and …, 2015 - Springer

 [PDF] An Informational Model for Cellular Automata Aesthetic Measure
MAJ Javid, MM al-Rifaie, R Zimmer - cs.kent.ac.uk

Year 2014 : 2 citations

 Carballal, Adrian, et al. "A Complexity Approach for Identifying Aesthetic Composite Landscapes." Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. 50-61.

 den Heijer, Eelco, and A. E. Eiben. "Investigating aesthetic measures for unsupervised evolutionary art." Swarm and Evolutionary Computation (2014).

Year 2013 : 9 citations

 den Heijer, Eelco. Autonomous Evolutionary Art. PhD Thesis, Vrije Universiteit. 2013

 Beck, Fabian, et al. "Generalized Pythagoras Trees for Visualizing Hierarchies."

 Hsu, Wun-Ting, and Wen-Shu Lai. "Why Should Computational Work and Aesthetics Be Taught in the Art Classroom?." Visual Arts Research 39.2 (2013): 1-12.

 **Reed, Kate. "Aesthetic measures for evolutionary vase design." Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. 59-71.

 **Klapaukh, Roman, Will N. Browne, and Mengjie Zhang. "The effect of primitive sets on the expression of evolved images." Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2013 IEEE Congress on. IEEE, 2013.

 **Li, Yang, et al. "Learning aesthetic judgements in evolutionary art systems." Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines: 1-23.

 **York, William W. "Cognitive Science, Aesthetics, and the Development of Taste."

 **Mash’al, Mohamadreza, and Javad Sadri. "Persian Calligraphy Using Genetic Algorithm."

 **Yu, Honghai, and Stefan Winkler. "IMAGE COMPLEXITY AND SPATIAL INFORMATION."

Year 2012 : 11 citations

 **Galanter, Philip. "Computational aesthetic evaluation: past and future." Computers and Creativity. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. 255-293.

 **Bergen, Steve, and Brian J. Ross. "Aesthetic 3d model evolution." Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. 11-22.

 **Li, Yang, et al. "Investigating aesthetic features to model human preference in evolutionary art." Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. 153-164.

 **Li, Yang, et al. "Investigating aesthetic features to model human preference in evolutionary art." Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. 153-164.

 **de Freitas, Alan RR, Frederico G. Guimaraes, and Rogério V. Barbosa. "Ideas in automatic evaluation methods for melodies in algorithmic composition." (2012).

 **Colton, Simon. "Evolving a library of artistic scene descriptors." Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. 35-47.

 **Bergen, Steven, and Brian J. Ross. "Automatic and interactive evolution of vector graphics images with genetic algorithms." The Visual Computer 28.1 (2012): 35-45.

 **Ekárt, Anikó, et al. "Modelling the underlying principles of human aesthetic preference in evolutionary art." Journal of Mathematics and the Arts 6.2-3 (2012): 107-124.

 **Mazzalovo, Gerald. Brand aesthetics. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

 **den Heijer, Eelco, and A. E. Eiben. "Using Scalable Vector Graphics to evolve art." (2012).

 **Li, Yang. "Adaptive learning evaluation model for evolutionary art." Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2012 IEEE Congress on. IEEE, 2012.

Year 2011 : 7 citations

 — S. Bergen and B. J. Ross. Automatic and interactive evolution of vector graphics images with
genetic algorithms. Technical Report CS-11-01, Brock University, 2011;

 — S. Bergen and B. J. Ross. Evolutionary art using summed multi-objective ranks. In R. Riolo,
T. McConaghy, and E. Vladislavleva, editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice VIII,
volume 8 of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 227–244. Springer New York, 2011.
10.1007/978-1-4419-7747-2-14;

 — A. Ekárt, D. Sharma, and S. Chalakov. Modelling human preference in evolutionary art. In C. D.
Chio, A. Brabazon, G. A. D. Caro, R. Drechsler, M. Farooq, J. Grahl, G. Greenfield, C. Prins,
J. Romero, G. Squillero, E. Tarantino, A. G. Tettamanzi, N. Urquhart, and A. ¸Sima Uyar, editors,
Applications of Evolutionary Computation, volume 6625 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages
303–312. Springer, 2011

 **Togelius, Julian, et al. "Search-based procedural content generation: A taxonomy and survey." Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, IEEE Transactions on 3.3 (2011): 172-186.

 **Bergen, Steve. "Automatic structure Generation using genetic programming and fractal geometry." Brock University, Ontario (2011).

 **Mazzalovo, Gérald. Estetica di marca. Il nuovo confine competitivo del brand management. FrancoAngeli, 2011.

 **Cardalda, Juan Romero. "UTILIZACIÓN DE MÉTRICAS DE COMPLEJIDAD PARA LA CLASIFICACIÓN ESTÉTICA DE FOTOGRAFÍAS."

Year 2010 : 7 citations

 — E. den Heijer and A. E. Eiben. Comparing aesthetic measures for evolutionary art. In C. D.
Chio, A. Brabazon, G. A. D. Caro, M. Ebner, M. Farooq, A. Fink, J. Grahl, G. Greenfield, P. Machado,
M. O’Neill, E. Tarantino, and N. Urquhart, editors, Applications of Evolutionary Computation,
EvoApplications 2010: EvoCOMNET, EvoENVIRONMENT, EvoFIN, EvoMUSART, and
EvoTRANSLOG, Istanbul, Turkey, April 7-9, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, volume 6025 of Lecture Notes
in Computer Science, pages 311–320. Springer, 2010;

 — P. Galanter. The problem with evolutionary art is... In C. D. Chio, A. Brabazon, G. A. D. Caro,
M. Ebner, M. Farooq, A. Fink, J. Grahl, G. Greenfield, P. Machado, M. O’Neill, E. Tarantino, and
N. Urquhart, editors, Applications of Evolutionary Computation, EvoApplications 2010: EvoCOMNET,
EvoENVIRONMENT, EvoFIN, EvoMUSART, and EvoTRANSLOG, Istanbul, Turkey, April
7-9, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, volume 6025 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 321–330.
Springer, 2010;

 — J. Rigau, M. Feixas, M. Sbert, and C. Wallraven. Toward auvers period: Evolution of van gogh’s
style. In P. Jepp and O. Deussen, editors, Computational Aesthetics, pages 99–106. Eurographics
Association, 2010;

 — D. L. Atkins, R. Klapaukh, W. N. Browne, and M. Zhang. Evolution of aesthetically pleasing
images without human-in-the-loop. In IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pages 1–8.
IEEE, 2010;

 — J. C. Oh and E. Zajec. Evolving artistic styles through visual dialogues. In C. D. Chio, A. Brabazon,
G. A. D. Caro, M. Ebner, M. Farooq, A. Fink, J. Grahl, G. Greenfield, P. Machado,
M. O’Neill, E. Tarantino, and N. Urquhart, editors, Applications of Evolutionary Computation, Evo-
Applications 2010: EvoCOMNET, EvoENVIRONMENT, EvoFIN, EvoMUSART, and EvoTRANSLOG,
Istanbul, Turkey, April 7-9, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, volume 6025 of Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, pages 261–270. Springer, 2010;

 — Y. X.-x. Zhou Bing. A definition of the feature complexity for color image. Journal of Henan
University (Natural Science), 40(2), 2010;

 — W. A. P. Wickramasinghe, A. T. Dharmarathne, and N. D. Kodikara. A mathematical model for
computational aesthetics. International Journal of Computer Vision and Robotics, 1:311–324, January
2010;

Year 2009 : 3 citations

 — P. Galanter. Truth to process – evolutionary art and the aesthetics of dynamism. In 12th
Generative Art Conference GA2009, pages 216–226, 2009;

 — E. O. Piotr Szachewicz. Wybrane metody automatycznej oceny warto sci estetycznej. In PFK:
Teksty Pokonferencyjne, volume 4, pages 337–348, 2009;

 — Y. S.V. Atificial art. Philosophy of Science, 4, 2009;

Year 2008 : 7 citations

 — S. Wannarumon, E. L. J. Bohez, and K. Annanon. Aesthetic evolutionary algorithm for fractalbased
user-centered jewelry design. AI EDAM, 22(1):19–39, 2008;

 — J. Rigau, M. Feixas, and M. Sbert. Informational dialogue with van gogh’s paintings. In
Computational Aesthetics 2008: Eurographics Workshop on Computational Aesthetics, Lisbon, Portugal,
pages 115–122. Eurographics Association, 2008;

 — G. Greenfield. Evolved look-up tables for simulated dna controlled robots. In X. Li, M. Kirley,
M. Zhang, D. G. Green, V. Ciesielski, H. A. Abbass, Z. Michalewicz, T. Hendtlass, K. Deb, K. C.
Tan, J. Branke, and Y. Shi, editors, Simulated Evolution and Learning, 7th International Conference,
SEAL 2008, Melbourne, Australia, December 7-10, 2008. Proceedings, volume 5361 of Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, pages 51–60. Springer, 2008;

 — A. Iqbal. Evaluation of economy in a zero-sum perfect information game. Computer Journal,
51(4):408–418, 2008;

 — J. Rigau, M. Feixas, and M. Sbert. Informational aesthetics measures. IEEE Computer Graphics
and Applications, 28(2):24–34, 2008;

 — G. Greenfield. Evolved minimalist art and maximal planar graphs. Journal of Mathematics and the
Arts, 2(3):123–143, 2008;

 — A. Iqbal. A Discrete Computational Aesthetics Model for A Zero-Sum Perfect Information Game. PhD
thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2008;

Year 2007 : 6 citations

 S. Wannarumon. Creation of endless forms : An application in jewelry design. In Proceedings of the 3rd Naresuan Research Conference, 2007;

 S. Diner. Art et Complexité. Jean Vivier (Eds), 2007;

 J. Rigau, M. Feixas, and M. Sbert. Conceptualizing birkhoff’s aesthetic measure using shannon entropy and kolmogorov complexity. Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging, 2007;

 C. Neufeld, B. Ross, and W. Ralph. The evolution of artistic filters. In J. Romero and P. Machado, editors, The Art of Artificial Evolution: A Handbook on Evolutionary Art and Music, pages 335–356. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007;

 S. Wannarumon. Aesthetic Evolutionary Approach for Jewelry Design based on IFS. PhD thesis, School of Engineering and Technology, 2007;

 G. Greenfield. Co-evolutionary methods in evolutionary art. In J. Romero and P. Machado, editors, The Art of Artificial Evolution: A Handbook on Evolutionary Art and Music, pages 357–380. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007;

Year 2006 : 12 citations

 — E. L. J. B. S. Wannarumon. A new aesthetic evolutionary approach for jewelry design. Computer-
Aided Design & Applications 3, 1-41-4:385–394, 2006;

 — A. Iqbal and M. Yaacob. A systematic and discrete view of aesthetics in chess. Journal of
Comparative Literature and Aesthetics, XXIX:53–65, 2006;

 — G. Greenfield. Genetic learning for biologically inspired aesthetic processes. International Journal
on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 15(4):577–598, 2006;

 — B. J. Ross, W. Ralph, and H. Zong. Evolutionary Image Synthesis Using a Model of Aesthetics, pages
3832–3839. IEEE Press, 2006;

 — G. E. Tsekouras and E. Sampanikou. Cluster analysis for the statistical modeling of aesthetic
judgment data related to comics artists. Transactions on Engineering, Computing and Technology, 7,
August 2006;

 — K. Burns and S. Dubnov. Memex music and gambling games: Eve’s take on lucky number 13.
In Computational Aesthetics: Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Beauty and Happiness, Proceedings of
AAAI Workshop, 2006;

 — A. Iqbal. Is aesthetics computable? International Computer Games Association Journal, 29(1):32–39,
2006;

 — K. Moynihan. Developing aesthetic computer generated drawings through artificial evolution.
In G. Sutcliffe and R. Goebel, editors, FLAIRS Conference, pages 248–253. AAAI Press, 2006;

 — A. Prappa. The role of aesthetics in the field of human-computer interaction. Master’s thesis,
University of the Aegean, 2006;

 — G. R. Greenfield. Art by computer program == programmer creativity. Digital Creativity,
17(1):25–35, 2006;

 — K. T. Moynihan. Lascaux an intelligent artistic agent. Master’s thesis, University of Miami, 2006;

 — G. Greenfield. Robot paintings evolved using simulated robots. In F. Rothlauf, J. Branke,
S. Cagnoni, E. Costa, C. Cotta, R. Drechsler, E. Lutton, P. Machado, J. Moore, J. Romero,
G. Smith, G. Squillero, and H. Takagi, editors, Applications of Evolutionary Computing, volume
3907 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 611–621. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2006.
10.1007/11732242-58

Year 2005 : 10 citations

 — F. Hoening. Defining computational aesthetics. Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization
and Imaging, pages 9–12, 2005;

 — B. Gang Lu and L. De. Prehistoric pottery in the shape of digital research: Digitization of shape
feature of prehistoric pottery. Computer Simulation, 22(4):238–240, 2005;

 — L. D.-z. Lu Gang, Ni Ning. Digitization of shape feature of prehistoric pottery. Computer
Simulation, 22(4), 2005;

 — A. Iqbal and M. Yaacob. Computational aesthetics and chess as an art form. Journal of Comparative
Literature and Aesthetics, XXVIII(1-2):49–59, 2005;

 — G. Greenfield. On the origins of the term "computational aesthetics. Computational Aesthetics in
Graphics, Visualization and Imaging, pages 9–12, 2005;

 — G. R. Greenfield. Designing metrics for the purpose of aesthetically evaluating. In L. Neumann,
M. Sbert, B. Gooch, and W. Purgathofer, editors, Computational Aesthetics, pages 151–158.
Eurographics Association, 2005;

 — G. Avigad, A. Moshaiov, and N. Brauner. Interactive concept-based search using moea: The
hierarchical preferences case. In International Enformatika Conference, IEC’05, August 26-28, 2005,
Prague,, pages 307–312. Enformatika, Çanakkale, Turkey, 2005;

 — J. Rigau, M. Feixas, and M. Sbert. An information-theoretic framework for image complexity.
Complexity, page 177, 2005;

 — G. E. Tsekouras and E. Sampanikou. Cluster analysis for the statistical modeling of aesthetic
judgment data related to comics artists. In International Enformatika Conference, IEC’05, August
26-28, 2005, Prague, Czech Republic, pages 304–306. Enformatika, Çanakkale, Turkey, 2005;

 — George E. Tsekouras, and Evi Sampanikou, Cluster Analysis for the Statistical Modeling of Aesthetic Judgment Data Related to Comics Artists, Transactions on Engineering, Computing and Technology , Vol. 7 August 2005. ISSN 1305-5313.

Year 2004 : 5 citations

 — J. Rigau, M. Feixas, and M. Sbert. An information theoretic framework for image segmentation.
2004 International Conference on Image Processing 2004 ICIP 04, pages 1193–1196, 2004;

 — G. Greenfield. Tilings of sequences of co-evolved images. In Applications of Evolutionary Computing,
volume 3005, pages 425–434. Springer Verlag, 2004;

 — N. Svangård and P. Nordin. Automated aesthetic selection of evolutionary art by distance
based classification of genomes and phenomes using the universal similarity metric. In G. R.
Raidl, S. Cagnoni, J. Branke, D. Corne, R. Drechsler, Y. Jin, C. G. Johnson, P. Machado, E. Marchiori,
F. Rothlauf, G. D. Smith, and G. Squillero, editors, Applications of Evolutionary Computing,
EvoWorkshops 2004: EvoBIO, EvoCOMNET, EvoHOT, EvoIASP, EvoMUSART, and EvoSTOC, Coimbra,
Portugal, April 5-7, 2004, Proceedings, volume 3005 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages
447–456. Springer, 2004;

 — Toyama, Kentaro, Computerized Aesthetic Judgment of Images, Assignee: Microsoft Corporation (Redmond, WA), United States Patent 6816847, November, 2004.

 — P. N. Nils Svang?ard. Using the universal similarity metric to model artificial creativity and
predict human listeners response to evolutionary music. In Ninth International Conference on
Artificial Life, 2004;

Year 2002 : 1 citations

 Greenfield, G. R.; "On The Co-Evolution of Evolving Expressions?. International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2002) 17-31.