Traffic Management
Authors
Abstract
Quality of communication services could comprise several aspects such as the availabil-ity,reliability and dependability of the services. These aspects relate to the expectation
of users that services are always provided when needed. Other aspects relate to the
quality of established communication sessions and pertain to delay, errors and loss in
the data transfer. For instance, a user of an application such as IP telephony has the
expectation that an established call allows a conversation to take place. Additionally it
is not rendered useless by high delay, which make the interaction difficult, by errors
that make the speech quality unintelligible, or by losses which interrupt the conversa-tion.
The session's quality depends both on the design and performance of the system
running the communicating application as well as on the network.
Network quality depends on the traffic load of the links in the network. This in turn
depends on the amount and characteristics of the traffic entering the network, as well
as the change in characteristics due to multiplexing and the routing of the traffic. This
seemingly simple problem of plumbing becomes exceedingly complex when a network,
such as the Internet, is large geographically, administratively, and in user population.
Traffic in the Internet is extremely complex, resulting from a very large and perpetually
changing range of communication applications. Traffic management consists of char-acterizing,
measuring, classifying and grooming this traffic in order to create order out
of this seeming chaos. A vast amount of work has been performed over the years on
the various aspects of IP traffic management. Service models like Intserv and Diffserv
have been proposed to allow the network to offer a set of quality of service guarantees
to different kinds of applications. The traffic generated by various applications has been
widely studied and the statistical properties of individual flows and traffic aggregates
are beginning to be fairly well understood. New routing techniques like MPLS allow
more efficient traffic engineering.
Despite these significant advances, it remains true to say that much uncertainty still
surrounds the future evolution of the Internet. Some argue that an alternative service
model is required and propose new network architectures and additional traffic con-trols.
Research continues on characterizing traffic and on the development of analytical
modeling techniques enabling performance evaluation and effective network design.
Subject
Traffic ControlBook Chapter
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